Cron The 1st of Every Month, at Midnight: 0 0 1 * *

At 12:00 a.m., on the 1st of the month. On the days it matches that means 1 run per day, or roughly 12 a year. Below are the field-by-field reading, the exact minutes it lands on, and ready-to-paste blocks for crontab, Kubernetes and GitHub Actions.

The five fields, one at a time

Cron reads left to right, from the finest unit to the coarsest. This expression fills them like so:

The exact minutes it fires

Because the minute field resolves to 1 specific value, each hour has 1 trigger point: :00.

Everything in this schedule is anchored to the top of the hour. If the box also runs other jobs at :00, shift this one with a range like 2-59/5 instead of */5 — same cadence, no thundering herd.

Paste it in

0 0 1 * *  /usr/bin/env bash /opt/jobs/first-day-of-month.sh >> /var/log/first-day-of-month.log 2>&1

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: first-day-of-month
spec:
  schedule: "0 0 1 * *"
  concurrencyPolicy: Forbid
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          restartPolicy: Never
          containers:
            - name: first-day-of-month
              image: alpine:3.20
              command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo running first-day-of-month"]

on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 0 1 * *'
jobs:
  run:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "running first-day-of-month"

Before you ship it

• Absolute paths only. Cron does not read your shell profile, so relative commands and $PATH lookups fail silently.
• Stars mean "every value", not "ignore the field". A * still participates in matching; it just matches everything.
• Overlap protection. A run that takes longer than the gap will stack. Add flock -n for shell jobs, or concurrencyPolicy: Forbid in Kubernetes.
• Log something. Cron mails output to a mailbox nobody reads; redirect to a file and rotate it.

Frequently asked

What is the cron expression for the 1st of every month, at midnight?
It is 0 0 1 * *. The engine reads it as: At 12:00 a.m., on the 1st of the month. On a day the schedule matches, it fires 1 time, and across a calendar year it fires about 12 times.

How many times a day does the 1st of every month, at midnight run?
On the days it is allowed to run, 1 time: 1 trigger point per hour across 1 hour of the day. Because the schedule matches 12 days in a non-leap year, the yearly total is 12.

Why does the job still fail with 0 0 1 * * in crontab?
Almost always the environment, not the schedule. Cron runs with a near-empty PATH and no shell profile, so node, python3 or docker resolve to nothing. Use absolute paths, and redirect both streams (>> /var/log/job.log 2>&1) so a silent failure leaves a trace.

Does the 1st of every month, at midnight still fire during a daylight-saving change?
Yes, with a caveat. When clocks spring forward the skipped wall-clock times simply do not occur that day, and when they fall back an hourly job can run twice. For jobs where a double run is harmful, guard the body with a lock file or an idempotency key rather than relying on cron to fire exactly once.

Other schedules in the library